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He aha nā hana o ka pahu ELISA?

2022-12-23

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pahu ELISA ma ka pae paʻa o ka antigen a i ʻole ka antibody a me ka hōʻailona enzyme o ka antigen a i ʻole ka antibody. ʻO ka antigen a i ʻole ka antibody i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻili o ka mea lawe paʻa e paʻa mau i kāna hana immunological, a ʻo ka enzyme i kapa ʻia he antigen a i ʻole antibody e paʻa i kāna hana immunological a me ka hana enzyme. I ka manawa o ka hoʻoholo ʻana, ʻo ka mea hoʻohālike i hoʻāʻo ʻia (kahi i ana ʻia ai ka antibody a i ʻole antigen) e pane me ka antigen a i ʻole ka antibody ma ka ʻili o ka mea lawe paʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paʻakikī antigen-antibody i hana ʻia ma luna o ka mea lawe paʻa mai nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai ma ka holoi ʻana.

Hoʻohui ʻia nā antigens a i ʻole nā antibodies i kapa ʻia e ka enzyme, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka mea lawe paʻa ma o ka hopena. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka nui o ka enzyme i loko o ka māhele paʻa e like me ka nui o nā mea i loko o ka specimen. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka substrate o ka hopena o ka enzyme, hoʻopili ʻia ka substrate e ka enzyme e lilo i huahana kala. ʻO ka nui o ka huahana pili pono i ka nui o ka mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka specimen, no laila hiki ke hana ʻia ka qualitative a quantitative analysis e like me ka hohonu o ke kala.

ʻO ka hana catalytic kiʻekiʻe o nā enzymes e hoʻonui i nā hopena o ka pane ʻana o ka immune, e hana i ka assay i koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ELISA e hoʻoholo i nā antigens, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoholo i nā antibodies.

Nā loina kumu o ka pahu ELISA
Hoʻohana ia i ka hopena kūikawā o ka antigen a me ka antibody e hoʻopili i ka mea i ka enzyme, a laila hoʻopuka i ka hopena kala ma waena o ka enzyme a me ka substrate no ka hoʻoholo nui. ʻO ka mea i ana ʻia he antibody a i ʻole antigen.

ʻEkolu mau reagents e pono ai i kēia ʻano hoʻoholo:
â Antigen pae paʻa a i ʻole antibody (immune adsorbent)
â¡ Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka enzyme antigen a i ʻole antibody (mea hōʻailona)
â¢ substrate no ka hana enzyme (mea hoʻomohala kala)

I ke ana ana, ua paa mua ka antigen (antibody) i ka mea lawe paa, aka e paa mau ana kona hana immune, a laila ua hookomoia ka conjugate (marker) o ka antibody (antigen) a me ka enzyme, e paa mau ana i kana hana immune a me ka enzyme. hana. Ke hoʻopili ka conjugate me ka antigen (antibody) ma luna o ka mea lawe paʻa, hoʻohui ʻia ka substrate pili o ka enzyme. ʻO ia hoʻi, catalytic hydrolysis a i ʻole REDOX pane a me ke kala.

ʻO ka malu o ka waihoʻoluʻu e hoʻopuka ʻia e like me ka nui o ka antigen (antibody) e ana ʻia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia huahana kala e ka maka ʻōlohelohe, microscope optical, microscope electron, hiki ke ana ʻia e ka spectrophotometer (mea hana lepili enzyme). He maʻalahi ke ala, kūpono, wikiwiki a kikoʻī.

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